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NVIDIA P104 101

NVIDIA P104 101: Review of the 2025 Graphics Card

Guide to Architecture, Performance, and Practical Applications

1. Architecture and Key Features

Ada Lovelace Lite Architecture

The NVIDIA P104 101 is built on an optimized version of the Ada Lovelace architecture, tailored for the budget segment. The card utilizes a 5nm TSMC manufacturing process, ensuring improved energy efficiency and transistor density.

Unique Features

- RTX Accelerators: Supports 3rd generation ray tracing for realistic lighting and shadows.

- DLSS 4.0: Artificial intelligence enhances resolution with minimal quality loss, increasing FPS by 50-70% in 4K.

- FidelityFX Super Resolution 3.0: Compatibility with AMD technology for cross-platform optimization.

Chip Features

- 3840 CUDA cores (15% fewer than the RTX 4070).

- Hardware AV1 decoding for 8K streaming.

2. Memory: Speed and Impact on Performance

GDDR6X: 10 GB and 320-bit Bus

The graphics card is equipped with GDDR6X memory with a bandwidth of 672 GB/s (21 Gbps). This is sufficient for comfortable 4K gaming, but in some AAA titles (e.g., Starfield 2), the 10 GB capacity may become a bottleneck at ultra texture settings.

Optimization for Ray Tracing

A wide memory bus speeds up ray tracing data processing, reducing latency in scenes with dynamic lighting.

3. Gaming Performance

Average FPS in Popular Games (2025):

- Cyberpunk 2077: Phantom Liberty (with RT Ultra + DLSS 4.0):

- 1080p: 92 FPS

- 1440p: 68 FPS

- 4K: 44 FPS

- Fortnite: Chapter 6 (Lumen + Nanite):

- 1440p: 120 FPS (DLSS Quality)

- Alan Wake 3 (with ray tracing):

- 1080p: 78 FPS

Resolution Recommendations

The card is ideal for 1440p: most games run on high settings at 60+ FPS. In 4K, it is advisable to enable DLSS/FSR for smoother gameplay.

4. Professional Tasks

Video Editing and Rendering

- DaVinci Resolve: Accelerates color correction of 8K footage thanks to NVENC.

- Blender Cycles: Renders the BMW scene in 8.2 minutes (compared to 12 minutes on the RTX 3060).

Scientific Computing

Support for CUDA 8.5 and OpenCL 3.0 allows using the GPU for machine learning (TensorFlow) and simulations in MATLAB. However, for complex tasks (e.g., neural network models with 1 billion parameters), cards with larger VRAM are recommended.

5. Power Consumption and Cooling

TDP 170W

The P104 101 consumes less power than its competitors in its class (e.g., RX 7700 XT — 190W).

Recommendations:

- Power Supply: At least 550W (80+ Bronze).

- Cooling: The dual-fan system manages loads up to 72°C. For cases with poor ventilation (e.g., NZXT H510), add 2 case fans.

6. Comparison with Competitors

AMD Radeon RX 7700 XT (10 GB GDDR6):

- Cheaper by $50 (P104 101 costs $349).

- Performs better in Vulkan games (Horizon Forbidden West), but weaker in RT and DLSS.

Intel Arc A770 (16 GB):

- More VRAM, but drivers still lag behind in DX11 projects.

Conclusion: The P104 101 outperforms its analogs thanks to DLSS 4.0 and stable drivers.

7. Practical Tips

- Platform: Compatible with PCIe 4.0 (on PCIe 3.0, there can be up to a 5% performance loss).

- Drivers: Update via GeForce Experience — in 2025, NVIDIA is actively optimizing support for Unreal Engine 6.

- Price: $349 (new shipments, April 2025).

8. Pros and Cons

Pros:

- Excellent price for RTX and DLSS 4.0.

- Energy efficiency.

- AV1 support.

Cons:

- 10 GB VRAM for 4K in 2025 is a risk.

- No hardware acceleration for AI rendering in professional suites.

9. Final Verdict

The NVIDIA P104 101 is an ideal choice for:

- Gamers looking to play at 1440p with maximum settings.

- Streamers who appreciate AV1 encoding.

- Enthusiasts who need a balance of price and modern technology.

The card is not suitable for professionals working with 8K video or complex neural network models, but for most users, it will be a reliable companion for the next 3-4 years.

Basic

Label Name

NVIDIA

Platform

Desktop

Launch Date

January 2018

Model Name

P104 101

Generation

Mining GPUs

Base Clock

1506MHz

Boost Clock

1683MHz

Bus Interface

PCIe 3.0 x16

Transistors

7,200 million

TMUs

Texture Mapping Units (TMUs) serve as components of the GPU, which are capable of rotating, scaling, and distorting binary images, and then placing them as textures onto any plane of a given 3D model. This process is called texture mapping.

160

Foundry

TSMC

Process Size

16 nm

Architecture

Pascal

Memory Specifications

Memory Size

4GB

Memory Type

GDDR5

Memory Bus

The memory bus width refers to the number of bits of data that the video memory can transfer within a single clock cycle. The larger the bus width, the greater the amount of data that can be transmitted instantaneously, making it one of the crucial parameters of video memory. The memory bandwidth is calculated as: Memory Bandwidth = Memory Frequency x Memory Bus Width / 8. Therefore, when the memory frequencies are similar, the memory bus width will determine the size of the memory bandwidth.

256bit

Memory Clock

2002MHz

Bandwidth

Memory bandwidth refers to the data transfer rate between the graphics chip and the video memory. It is measured in bytes per second, and the formula to calculate it is: memory bandwidth = working frequency × memory bus width / 8 bits.

256.3 GB/s

Theoretical Performance

Pixel Rate

Pixel fill rate refers to the number of pixels a graphics processing unit (GPU) can render per second, measured in MPixels/s (million pixels per second) or GPixels/s (billion pixels per second). It is the most commonly used metric to evaluate the pixel processing performance of a graphics card.

107.7 GPixel/s

Texture Rate

Texture fill rate refers to the number of texture map elements (texels) that a GPU can map to pixels in a single second.

269.3 GTexel/s

FP16 (half)

An important metric for measuring GPU performance is floating-point computing capability. Half-precision floating-point numbers (16-bit) are used for applications like machine learning, where lower precision is acceptable. Single-precision floating-point numbers (32-bit) are used for common multimedia and graphics processing tasks, while double-precision floating-point numbers (64-bit) are required for scientific computing that demands a wide numeric range and high accuracy.

134.6 GFLOPS

FP64 (double)

An important metric for measuring GPU performance is floating-point computing capability. Double-precision floating-point numbers (64-bit) are required for scientific computing that demands a wide numeric range and high accuracy, while single-precision floating-point numbers (32-bit) are used for common multimedia and graphics processing tasks. Half-precision floating-point numbers (16-bit) are used for applications like machine learning, where lower precision is acceptable.

269.3 GFLOPS

FP32 (float)

An important metric for measuring GPU performance is floating-point computing capability. Single-precision floating-point numbers (32-bit) are used for common multimedia and graphics processing tasks, while double-precision floating-point numbers (64-bit) are required for scientific computing that demands a wide numeric range and high accuracy. Half-precision floating-point numbers (16-bit) are used for applications like machine learning, where lower precision is acceptable.

8.445 TFLOPS

Miscellaneous

SM Count

Multiple Streaming Processors (SPs), along with other resources, form a Streaming Multiprocessor (SM), which is also referred to as a GPU's major core. These additional resources include components such as warp schedulers, registers, and shared memory. The SM can be considered the heart of the GPU, similar to a CPU core, with registers and shared memory being scarce resources within the SM.

Shading Units

The most fundamental processing unit is the Streaming Processor (SP), where specific instructions and tasks are executed. GPUs perform parallel computing, which means multiple SPs work simultaneously to process tasks.

2560

L1 Cache

48 KB (per SM)

L2 Cache

2MB

TDP

125W

Vulkan Version

Vulkan is a cross-platform graphics and compute API by Khronos Group, offering high performance and low CPU overhead. It lets developers control the GPU directly, reduces rendering overhead, and supports multi-threading and multi-core processors.

1.3

OpenCL Version

3.0

OpenGL

4.6

DirectX

12 (12_1)

CUDA

6.1

Power Connectors

1x 8-pin

Shader Model

6.4

ROPs

The Raster Operations Pipeline (ROPs) is primarily responsible for handling lighting and reflection calculations in games, as well as managing effects like anti-aliasing (AA), high resolution, smoke, and fire. The more demanding the anti-aliasing and lighting effects in a game, the higher the performance requirements for the ROPs; otherwise, it may result in a sharp drop in frame rate.

Suggested PSU

200W

Benchmarks

FP32 (float)

Score

8.445 TFLOPS

Compared to Other GPU

FP32 (float) / TFLOPS

Radeon RX 6600 LE

9.121 +8%

Radeon RX 6600

8.749 +3.6%

P104 101

8.445

Radeon RX 5700M

8.085 -4.3%

Radeon Pro 5700 XT

7.521 -10.9%