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Intel Core i9-12900

Intel Core i9-12900: Comprehensive Review of the 2025 Processor

(Relevant as of March 2025)

1. Key Specifications: Architecture, Process Technology, and Key Features

The Intel Core i9-12900 processor, released in late 2021, remains relevant in 2025 due to its unique hybrid architecture called Alder Lake. It was the first mass-market Intel CPU to combine Performance-cores (P-cores) and Efficient-cores (E-cores).

- Process Technology and Structure:

The chip is manufactured using the Intel 7 process (equivalent to 10nm Enhanced SuperFin). It consists of 16 cores: 8 high-performance P-cores (with Hyper-Threading, totaling 16 threads) and 8 energy-efficient E-cores (8 threads). In total, there are 24 threads.

- Frequencies and Cache:

The base frequency of the P-cores is 2.4 GHz, but they can boost up to 5.0 GHz in Turbo Boost mode. The L3 cache is 30 MB, which accelerates the processing of complex tasks.

- Power Consumption:

The TDP is 65 W, but under load, real consumption can reach 150-180 W (depending on PL1/PL2 settings).

- Graphics:

The integrated UHD Graphics 770 solution supports 4K/60Hz and basic gaming (e.g., CS:2 at low settings).

Key Features:

- Support for PCIe 5.0 (up to 16 lanes) and DDR5.

- Thread Director technology for optimizing task distribution among cores (requires Windows 11).

- Capability to work with DDR4—this reduces the overall build cost.

2. Compatible Motherboards: Sockets and Chipsets

The processor uses the LGA 1700 socket, compatible with the 600 and 700 series chipsets (Z690, H670, B660, H610).

- Z690/Z790:

The best choice for enthusiasts. Supports overclocking, PCIe 5.0 x16, and multiple M.2 slots (e.g., ASUS ROG Strix Z790-F Gaming—$320).

- B660/B760:

Ideal for most users. No CPU overclocking, but supports PCIe 4.0 and DDR5/DDR4 (MSI MAG B760 Tomahawk—$180).

- H610:

A budget option for office PCs. Only DDR4, with a limited number of ports (Gigabyte H610M S2H—$90).

Tip: If you plan to use DDR4, choose motherboards that support XMP profiles for stable operation at high frequencies.

3. Memory Support: DDR4 vs DDR5

The Intel Core i9-12900 works with both types of memory but with some nuances:

- DDR5:

By 2025, the prices of DDR5 have equaled those of DDR4. Modules rated at 5600-6000 MHz are recommended (32 GB Kit—$120-150). Benefits include high bandwidth for rendering and data compression.

- DDR4:

Cheaper but limited to frequencies of 3200-3600 MHz (32 GB Kit—$80-100). Suitable for gaming and everyday tasks.

Practical Example: In tests of Cyberpunk 2077, the difference between DDR4 and DDR5 was only 5-7 FPS, but in Adobe Premiere Pro, rendering with DDR5 was accelerated by 15%.

4. Power Supply Units: Power Recommendations

The official TDP of 65 W is just a baseline indicator. Under load (e.g., in Blender), the processor can consume up to 180 W.

- With a discrete graphics card (NVIDIA RTX 4070 Ti / AMD RX 7900 XT):

A minimum of 750 W is required (Gold or Platinum certification recommended). Example: Corsair RM750x (2025)—$130.

- Without discrete graphics:

500-600 W is sufficient (e.g., be quiet! Pure Power 12 M 600W—$90).

Important: Cheap PSUs may not handle peak loads, causing throttling.

5. Pros and Cons of the Intel Core i9-12900

Pros:

- High performance in single-threaded tasks (Geekbench 6 Single-Core—2470).

- Energy efficiency at idle due to E-cores.

- Support for DDR4/DDR5 and PCIe 5.0.

Cons:

- Requires an expensive cooling solution for Turbo Boost.

- Cannot overclock the CPU on B660/H610 chipsets.

- In 2025, competitors offer more cores at the same price (e.g., AMD Ryzen 9 7900).

6. Usage Scenarios

- Gaming:

The processor handles any games at 4K (with a powerful GPU). In Alan Wake 2 (2025), FPS is on par with Ryzen 7 7800X3D.

- Work Tasks:

Video editing (Premiere Pro), 3D rendering (Blender), programming. Multi-Core Score Geekbench 6—13001, surpassing Ryzen 9 5900X.

- Multimedia:

Stream + play without lag, thanks to 24 threads.

7. Comparison with Competitors

- AMD Ryzen 9 7900 ($400):

12 Zen 4 cores, TDP 105 W. Better in multi-threaded tasks but weaker in single-threaded (Geekbench 6 SC—2300).

- Apple M2 Ultra (for Mac mini—$3000):

Higher energy efficiency but limited compatibility with Windows software.

- Intel Core i7-13700K ($380):

A lower model from 2023. Lags in multi-threading but is cheaper.

8. Practical Assembly Tips

- Cooling:

Choose an AIO (e.g., NZXT Kraken X63—$150) or a top-tier air cooler (Noctua NH-D15—$110).

- Case:

Ensure good ventilation. At least 3 case fans (Lian Li Lancool III—$140).

- BIOS Update:

For compatibility with new 700-series chipsets.

9. Final Conclusion: Who Should Choose the Core i9-12900?

This processor is ideal for:

1. Gamers wanting maximum FPS at 4K.

2. Professionals working with heavy software (editing, 3D).

3. Enthusiasts who value a balance of price and performance.

As of 2025, the i9-12900 can be purchased for $350-400 (new), making it a worthwhile alternative to newer models. Its main advantage is versatility—it handles both gaming and work tasks well, and support for DDR4 reduces the cost of the build.

Basic

Label Name

Intel

Platform

Desktop

Launch Date

January 2022

Model Name

The Intel processor number is just one of several factors - along with processor brand, system configurations, and system-level benchmarks - to be considered when choosing the right processor for your computing needs.

i9-12900

Code Name

Alder Lake

CPU Specifications

Total Cores

Cores is a hardware term that describes the number of independent central processing units in a single computing component (die or chip).

Total Threads

Where applicable, Intel® Hyper-Threading Technology is only available on Performance-cores.

Performance-cores

Efficient-cores

Max Turbo Frequency

Max Turbo Frequency is the maximum single-core frequency at which the processor is capable of operating using Intel® Turbo Boost Technology and, if present, Intel® Turbo Boost Max Technology 3.0 and Intel® Thermal Velocity Boost. Frequency is typically measured in gigahertz (GHz), or billion cycles per second.

5.10 GHz

Performance-core Base Frequency

2.40 GHz

Efficient-core Base Frequency

1.80 GHz

Performance-core Max Turbo Frequency

Maximum P-core turbo frequency derived from Intel® Turbo Boost Technology.

5.00 GHz

Efficient-core Max Turbo Frequency

Maximum E-core turbo frequency derived from Intel® Turbo Boost Technology.

3.80 GHz

Intel Turbo Boost Technology

Intel® Turbo Boost Technology dynamically increases the processor's frequency as needed by taking advantage of thermal and power headroom to give you a burst of speed when you need it, and increased energy efficiency when you don’t.

2.0

Intel Hyper-Threading Technology

Intel® Hyper-Threading Technology (Intel® HT Technology) delivers two processing threads per physical core. Highly threaded applications can get more work done in parallel, completing tasks sooner.

Yes

Intel Turbo Boost Max Technology 3.0 Frequency

Intel® Turbo Boost Max Technology 3.0 identifies the best performing core(s) on a processor and provides increased performance on those cores through increasing frequency as needed by taking advantage of power and thermal headroom. Intel® Turbo Boost Max Technology 3.0 frequency is the clock frequency of the CPU when running in this mode.

5.10 GHz

Intel Turbo Boost Max Technology 3.0

Yes

L3 Cache

30 MB

CPU Socket

The socket is the component that provides the mechanical and electrical connections between the processor and motherboard.

FCLGA1700

Technology

Lithography refers to the semiconductor technology used to manufacture an integrated circuit, and is reported in nanometer (nm), indicative of the size of features built on the semiconductor.

Intel 7

TDP

65 W

Processor Base Power

The time-averaged power dissipation that the processor is validated to not exceed during manufacturing while executing an Intel-specified high complexity workload at Base Frequency and at the junction temperature as specified in the Datasheet for the SKU segment and configuration.

65 W

Maximum Turbo Power

The maximum sustained (>1s) power dissipation of the processor as limited by current and/or temperature controls. Instantaneous power may exceed Maximum Turbo Power for short durations (<=10ms). Note: Maximum Turbo Power is configurable by system vendor and can be system specific.

202 W

Max. Operating Temperature

Junction Temperature is the maximum temperature allowed at the processor die.

100°C

PCI Express Version

PCI Express Revision is the supported version of the PCI Express standard. Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (or PCIe) is a high-speed serial computer expansion bus standard for attaching hardware devices to a computer. The different PCI Express versions support different data rates.

5.0 and 4.0

Number of PCI Express Lanes

A PCI Express (PCIe) lane consists of two differential signaling pairs, one for receiving data, one for transmitting data, and is the basic unit of the PCIe bus. Max # of PCI Express Lanes is the total number of supported lanes.

Intel 64

Intel® 64 architecture delivers 64-bit computing on server, workstation, desktop and mobile platforms when combined with supporting software.¹ Intel 64 architecture improves performance by allowing systems to address more than 4 GB of both virtual and physical memory.

Yes

Instruction Set

The instruction set is a hard program stored inside the CPU that guides and optimizes CPU operations. With these instruction sets, the CPU can run more efficiently. There are many manufacturers that design CPUs, which results in different instruction sets, such as the 8086 instruction set for the Intel camp and the RISC instruction set for the ARM camp. x86, ARM v8, and MIPS are all codes for instruction sets. Instruction sets can be extended; for example, x86 added 64-bit support to create x86-64. Manufacturers developing CPUs that are compatible with a certain instruction set need authorization from the instruction set patent holder. A typical example is Intel authorizing AMD, enabling the latter to develop CPUs compatible with the x86 instruction set.

64-bit

PCI Express Configurations

PCI Express (PCIe) Configurations describe the available PCIe lane configurations that can be used to link to PCIe devices.

Up to 1x16+4 | 2x8+4

Memory Specifications

Memory Type

Intel® processors come in four different types: Single Channel, Dual Channel, Triple Channel, and Flex Mode. Maximum supported memory speed may be lower when populating multiple DIMMs per channel on products that support multiple memory channels.

Up to DDR5 4800 MT/s Up to DDR4 3200 MT/s

Max Memory Size

Max memory size refers to the maximum memory capacity supported by the processor.

128 GB

Memory Channels

The number of memory channels refers to the bandwidth operation for real world application.

Max Memory Bandwidth

Max Memory bandwidth is the maximum rate at which data can be read from or stored into a semiconductor memory by the processor (in GB/s).

76.8 GB/s

ECC Memory Supported

ECC Memory Supported indicates processor support for Error-Correcting Code memory. ECC memory is a type of system memory that can detect and correct common kinds of internal data corruption. Note that ECC memory support requires both processor and chipset support.

Yes

GPU Specifications

Integrated Graphics Model

An integrated GPU refers to the graphics core that is integrated into the CPU processor. Leveraging the processor's powerful computational capabilities and intelligent power efficiency management, it delivers outstanding graphics performance and a smooth application experience at a lower power consumption.

Intel® UHD Graphics 770

Graphics Base Frequency

Graphics Base frequency refers to the rated/guaranteed graphics render clock frequency in MHz.

300 MHz

Graphics Frequency

Graphics max dynamic frequency refers to the maximum opportunistic graphics render clock frequency (in MHz) that can be supported using Intel® HD Graphics with Dynamic Frequency feature.

1.55 GHz

DirectX Support

DirectX* Support indicates support for a specific version of Microsoft’s collection of APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) for handling multimedia compute tasks.

Execution Units

The Execution Unit is the foundational building block of Intel’s graphics architecture. Execution Units are compute processors optimized for simultaneous Multi-Threading for high throughput compute power.

Max Resolution (HDMI)

Max Resolution (HDMI) is the maximum resolution supported by the processor via the HDMI interface (24bits per pixel & 60Hz). System or device display resolution is dependent on multiple system design factors; actual resolution may be lower on your system.

4096 x 2160 @ 60Hz

Max Resolution (DP)

Max Resolution (DP) is the maximum resolution supported by the processor via the DP interface (24bits per pixel & 60Hz). System or device display resolution is dependent on multiple system design factors; actual resolution may be lower on your system.

7680 x 4320 @ 60Hz

Max Resolution (eDP - Integrated Flat Panel)

Max Resolution (Integrated Flat Panel) is the maximum resolution supported by the processor for a device with an integrated flat panel (24bits per pixel & 60Hz). System or device display resolution is dependent on multiple system design factors; actual resolution may be lower on your device.

5120 x 3200 @ 120Hz

Number of Displays Supported

Graphics Output

Graphics Output defines the interfaces available to communicate with display devices.

eDP 1.4b | DP 1.4a | HDMI 2.1

Miscellaneous

Intel Deep Learning Boost (Intel DL Boost) on CPU

A new set of embedded processor technologies designed to accelerate AI deep learning use cases. It extends Intel AVX-512 with a new Vector Neural Network Instruction (VNNI) that significantly increases deep learning inference performance over previous generations.

Yes

Intel Virtualization Technology (VT-x)

Intel® Virtualization Technology (VT-x) allows one hardware platform to function as multiple “virtual” platforms. It offers improved manageability by limiting downtime and maintaining productivity by isolating computing activities into separate partitions.

Yes

Intel Virtualization Technology for Directed I/O (VT-d)

Intel® Virtualization Technology for Directed I/O (VT-d) continues from the existing support for IA-32 (VT-x) and Itanium® processor (VT-i) virtualization adding new support for I/O-device virtualization. Intel VT-d can help end users improve security and reliability of the systems and also improve performance of I/O devices in virtualized environments.

Yes

Intel Standard Manageability (ISM)

Intel® Standard Manageability is the manageability solution for Intel vPro® Essentials platforms and is a subset of Intel® AMT with out-of-band management over Ethernet and Wi-Fi, but no KVM or new life cycle management features.

Intel® SSE4.1 | Intel® SSE4.2 | Intel® AVX2

Enhanced Intel SpeedStep Technology

Enhanced Intel SpeedStep® Technology is an advanced means of enabling high performance while meeting the power-conservation needs of mobile systems. Conventional Intel SpeedStep® Technology switches both voltage and frequency in tandem between high and low levels in response to processor load. Enhanced Intel SpeedStep® Technology builds upon that architecture using design strategies such as Separation between Voltage and Frequency Changes, and Clock Partitioning and Recovery.

Yes

Execute Disable Bit

Execute Disable Bit is a hardware-based security feature that can reduce exposure to viruses and malicious-code attacks and prevent harmful software from executing and propagating on the server or network.

Yes

Cache

CPU Cache is an area of fast memory located on the processor. Intel® Smart Cache refers to the architecture that allows all cores to dynamically share access to the last level cache.

30 MB Intel® Smart Cache

Intel AES New Instructions

Intel® AES New Instructions (Intel® AES-NI) are a set of instructions that enable fast and secure data encryption and decryption. AES-NI are valuable for a wide range of cryptographic applications, for example: applications that perform bulk encryption/decryption, authentication, random number generation, and authenticated encryption.

Yes

Intel Active Management Technology (AMT)

Yes

Intel Volume Management Device (VMD)

Intel® Volume Management Device (VMD) provides a common, robust method of hot plug and LED management for NVMe-based solid state drives.

Yes

Intel Boot Guard

Intel® Device Protection Technology with Boot Guard helps protect the system’s pre-OS environment from viruses and malicious software attacks.

Yes

Intel Hardware Shield Eligibility

Yes

Intel Clear Video HD Technology

Intel® Clear Video HD Technology, like its predecessor, Intel® Clear Video Technology, is a suite of image decode and processing technologies built into the integrated processor graphics that improve video playback, delivering cleaner, sharper images, more natural, accurate, and vivid colors, and a clear and stable video picture. Intel® Clear Video HD Technology adds video quality enhancements for richer color and more realistic skin tones.

Yes

Intel VT-x with Extended Page Tables (EPT)

Intel® VT-x with Extended Page Tables (EPT), also known as Second Level Address Translation (SLAT), provides acceleration for memory intensive virtualized applications. Extended Page Tables in Intel® Virtualization Technology platforms reduces the memory and power overhead costs and increases battery life through hardware optimization of page table management.

Yes

Intel Control-Flow Enforcement Technology

CET - Intel Control-flow Enforcement Technology (CET) helps protect against the misuse of legitimate code snippets through return-oriented programming (ROP) control-flow hijacking attacks.

Yes

Intel OS Guard

Yes

OpenGL Support

OpenGL (Open Graphics Library) is a cross-language, multi-platform API (Application Programming Interface) for rendering 2D and 3D vector graphics.

4.5

OpenCL Support

OpenCL (Open Computing Language) is a multi-platform API (Application Programming Interface) for heterogeneous parallel programming.

3.0

Intel Quick Sync Video

Intel® Quick Sync Video delivers fast conversion of video for portable media players, online sharing, and video editing and authoring.

Yes